Characteristics
The sloe is also called blackthorn and blackthorn. The name sloe can be traced back to the blue color of the fruit. Its botanical species name is Prunus spinosa. The blackthorn is hardy and reaches heights of 3-5 meters. Prunus spinosa is characterized by an upright growth and a dark or blackish bark.
Pollination and foliage
Prunus spinosa is monoecious. Pollination is carried out by insects. The leaves have a dark green color on the upper side and an alternate arrangement. The white flowers of the sloe appear in March and April before the leaves shoot. The hermaphrodite flowers have an almond scent that is characteristic of sloe. The flower cup is characterized by its bell-like shape. The diameter of the flowers is 1.5 centimeters.
Soil condition
Prunus spionsa prefers nutrient-rich, calcareous and stony soils. Gravelly to clayey as well as moderately arid to humid soils are particularly suitable for planting blackthorn. An alkaline to slightly acidic pH is also optimal. The sloe prefers sunny locations. Roadsides and outside areas of forest ecosystems are suitable as habitats.
Provenance
The sloe is resident in Europe, the Middle East, the Caucasus and North Africa. The blackthorn can now also be found in North America. A socialization with willows can be observed on the dunes around the Baltic Sea. Prunus spinosa immigrated to Europe as early as the Neolithic Age and can therefore by no means be defined as an invasive species.
Uses
Prunus spinosa enjoys considerable popularity due to the significant number of possible uses. The flowers can be used as flower decorations and the fruits as wild fruits. However, its use as a nutrient for insects and the associated biodiversity-appropriate upgrading of ecosystems and forest ecosystems is likely to be significantly more relevant. The blackthorn serves as a source of nectar for the peacock butterfly during spring. However, as a pioneer tree species, the blackthorn can displace the original herbaceous vegetation on so-called dry slopes. Otherwise, however, from an ecological point of view, planting Prunus spinosa with suitable soil conditions is warmly recommended for the benefit of the fauna.In the forest as well as in the landscape, it is used in the forest edge and wind protection planting.